一 麟游方言特点
方言是语言的地方变体,又是反映一个地方政治、经济、历史、地理、生产、生活、文化、教育、风俗、人文等方面情况的重要工具。麟游方言属北方官话中原方言秦陇片。
(一)无
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075341_392.JPG)
(en)系韵母,今
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075341_392.JPG)
系韵母并入
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075341_320.JPG)
(eng)系韵母,这样便形成了如下语音现象:
门=蒙
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_597.JPG)
准=肿
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_501.JPG)
欣=
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_110.JPG)
尊=宗
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_738.JPG)
云=荣容融
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_868.JPG)
(二)保留了古汉语的尖音si—;古汉语精清从三声纽拼今齐齿呼的字读作
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_935.JPG)
‘二声母,且与端透定三声纽拼今齐齿呼的字合为一个声母系统,从而形成了如下语音现象:
心星
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_413.JPG)
先仙
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_292.JPG)
小
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_859.JPG)
西夕
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_510.JPG)
≠
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_759.JPG)
积=低
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_134.JPG)
漆膝七=踢梯
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_127.JPG)
切=铁贴
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_260.JPG)
“ 千=天
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_615.JPG)
酒
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_804.JPG)
≠久
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_451.JPG)
焦=雕刁
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_410.JPG)
(三)儿尾自成音节,例如:裤儿(裤子)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_633.JPG)
被儿(被子)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_313.JPG)
(四)零声母
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_156.JPG)
与合口呼相拼合时,介音u—有明显的摩擦作用。例如:乌屋
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_839.JPG)
窝倭物
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_913.JPG)
外
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_749.JPG)
威偎
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_131.JPG)
剜弯
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_283.JPG)
汪
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_596.JPG)
温翁
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_586.JPG)
(五)名词的重叠式以AA式为最多,AA式名词兼有小称和爱称作用。例如:
箱箱(小箱子)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_297.JPG)
门门(小门儿)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_499.JPG)
眼眼(小孔)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_442.JPG)
棍棍(小棍儿)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_586.JPG)
二 麟游方言的内部分化情况
(一)以县人民政府所在地的九成宫镇为代表的语音系统,代表了境内绝大部分地区语言的情况,这是狭义的麟游方言,也叫城关方言;
(二)河西、天堂二乡部分地区受甘肃省灵台方言的影响,主要特征是连读变调和个别词语与城关方言不同,例如:河西 中学
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_845.JPG)
党员
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_755.JPG)
屋里
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_806.JPG)
坐娘家
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_865.JPG)
城关 中学
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_662.JPG)
党员
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_162.JPG)
屋里
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_322.JPG)
熬娘家
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_534.JPG)
(三)受乾县、永寿方言影响,常丰乡部分地区属中原方言关中片,今
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_770.JPG)
系韵母,这一地区读作
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_988.JPG)
五个韵母,例如:奔
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_778.JPG)
金
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_483.JPG)
敦
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_919.JPG)
春
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_965.JPG)
云
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_863.JPG)
,又,这一地区的个别词语又是城关方言所不具备的,例如:搞(骗)kau
42掇(端)tuo
31撼(拿)
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_722.JPG)
(四)受岐山方言影响,良舍乡部分地区以及九成宫镇、安舒庄乡南部地区把今
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_696.JPG)
(zh)行声母拼合口呼的字(城关方言读作
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_322.JPG)
)读作开口呼,例如:
猪朱竹
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_876.JPG)
出初
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075342_889.JPG)
书淑
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_426.JPG)
入
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_538.JPG)
抓
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_413.JPG)
专
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_464.JPG)
追
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_304.JPG)
帅
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_130.JPG)
纯虫
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_774.JPG)
庄装
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_194.JPG)
双
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_230.JPG)
绒
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_890.JPG)
闰
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_502.JPG)
,又,这一地区个别词语又是城关方言所不具备的:咱ts'a
24又音tsa
24 沓的(咱们)t’a
24ti
02又作“牙的ia
24ti
02”。
三 书写原则和体例
(一)记写语音、词汇、语法,以城关方言为准,并且以老中年的语音为主;
(二)方言语音的记录描写用国际音标,记录描写声调用五度制调值(如麟游方言的声调有阴平31 阳平24上声42去声44 轻声02,分别与普通语的阴平55 阳平35上声214去声51轻声02相对应,普通话的阴平、阳平、上声、去声在《汉语拼音方案中分别表示为āáǎà);
(三)有本字时写本字,无本字时用同音字代替,有音无本字时用大方框“□”代替,凡读音特殊的字下加浪线“
![](http://www.sanqinyou.com/uploadfiles/2011-10-26/20111026_075343_977.JPG)
”表示;
(四)词汇、语法两节中,义同的两个词(句)条间,用单斜线“/”隔开,相关的两个词(句)条间用单竖线“|”隔开。
编辑:秦人